Yttria stabilized zirconia: innovative approach for improving the performance of additively manufactured denture resins
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The development of additive manufacturing technology facilitated the advancement of 3D-printed denture resins, though these materials show limitations in their physical and mechanical properties. Aims: This study investigated the effects of adding yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles to 3D-printed denture resin to improve its performance at weights of 1% and 3%. The focus was on impact strength, surface hardness, and roughness. Materials and methods: 90 specimens of 3D-printed acrylic were divided into three groups, then further divided each group into three subgroups based on the results of each test. Charpy's Impact Strength Tester was used to evaluate impact strength. Surface characteristics were assessed by Vickers microhardness (HV) tester (microhardness) and non-contact profilometer (roughness). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized for the chemical analysis. The experimentation's data guided the statistical analysis, which included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple comparison tests based on the significance of each test's outcomes. Results: The results verified that adding 1 wt.% and 3 wt.% YSZ NPs to the 3D-printed denture resin significantly enhanced its mechanical and surface characteristics (p < 0.05) compared to unmodified resin. Conclusion: The addition of YSZ NPs enhanced the impact strength, surface hardness, and roughness. FTIR analysis showed that the polymer and YSZ nanoparticles did not interact chemically. This suggests that a new 3D-printed nanocomposite denture base with better performance is possible.
Received date: 09-08-2024
Accepted date: 22-10-2024
Published date: 15-06-2025
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licenses and Copyright
The following policy applies in The Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry (JBCD):
# JBCD applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to articles and other works we publish. If you submit your paper for publication by JBCD, you agree to have the CC BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you as the author agree that anyone can reuse your article in whole or part for any purpose, for free, even for commercial purposes. Anyone may copy, distribute, or reuse the content as long as the author and original source are properly cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that JBCD content can be mined without barriers for the needs of research.
# If your manuscript contains content such as photos, images, figures, tables, audio files, videos, etc., that you or your co-authors do not own, we will require you to provide us with proof that the owner of that content (a) has given you written permission to use it, and (b) has approved of the CC BY license being applied to their content. We provide a form you can use to ask for and obtain permission from the owner. If you do not have owner permission, we will ask you to remove that content and/or replace it with other content that you own or have such permission to use.Don't assume that you can use any content you find on the Internet, or that the content is fair game just because it isn't clear who the owner is or what license applies.
# Many authors assume that if they previously published a paper through another publisher, they own the rights to that content and they can freely use that content in their paper, but that’s not necessarily the case, it depends on the license that covers the other paper. Some publishers allow free and unrestricted re-use of article content they own, such as under the CC BY license. Other publishers use licenses that allow re-use only if the same license is applied by the person or publisher re-using the content. If the paper was published under a CC BY license or another license that allows free and unrestricted use, you may use the content in your JBCD paper provided that you give proper attribution, as explained above.If the content was published under a more restrictive license, you must ascertain what rights you have under that license. At a minimum, review the license to make sure you can use the content. Contact that JBCD if you have any questions about the license. If the license does not permit you to use the content in a paper that will be covered by an unrestricted license, you must obtain written permission from the publisher to use the content in your JBCD paper. Please do not include any content in your JBCD paper which you do not have rights to use, and always give proper attribution.
# If any relevant accompanying data is submitted to repositories with stated licensing policies, the policies should not be more restrictive than CC BY.
# JBCD reserves the right to remove any photos, captures, images, figures, tables, illustrations, audio and video files, and the like, from any paper, whether before or after publication, if we have reason to believe that the content was included in your paper without permission from the owner of the content.
How to Cite
References
Wu X. Research and Design of Denture Manufacturing Production System Based on Integrated 3D Printing Technology. IJMSTS. 2024;1(2):39-45.
Al-Shammari SS, Abdul-Ameer FM, Bairam LR, Al-Salihi Z. The influence of lemongrass essential oil addition into heat cured acrylic resin against Candida albicans adhesion. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2023;35(3):67-75.
Saadi Noori Z, Al-Khafaji M, Dabaghi F. Effect of tea tree oil on candida adherence and surface roughness of heat cure acrylic resin. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2023;35(4):2311-5270.
Safi IN. Evaluation the effect of nano-fillers (TiO2, AL2O3, SiO2) addition on glass transition temperature, E-Moudulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of acrylic denture base material. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2014;26(1):37-41.
Gad MM, Fouda SM, Al-Harbi FA, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017:3801-3812.
Abdul-Monem MM, Hanno KI. Effect of thermocycling on surface topography and fracture toughness of milled and additively manufactured denture base materials: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):267.
Dawood A, Marti BM, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A. 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. 2015;219(11):521-529.
Kessler A, Hickel R, Reymus M. 3D Printing in Dentistry—State of the Art. Oper Dent. 2020;45(1):30-40.
Perea-Lowery L, Gibreel M, Vallittu PK, Lassila L V. 3D-Printed vs. Heat-Polymerizing and Autopolymerizing Denture Base Acrylic Resins. Materials. 2021;14(19):5781.
Kareem YM, Hamad TI, AL-Rawas M. Evaluating the effect of barium titanate nanofiller addition on the thermal conductivity and physio-mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2024;36(2):20-33.
Zhang XY, Zhang XJ, Huang ZL, Zhu BS, Chen Rong-Rong RR. Hybrid effects of zirconia nanoparticles with aluminum borate whiskers on mechanical properties of denture base resin PMMA. Dent Mater J. 2014;33(1):141-146.
Abd MM, Alduwaib SM. Fractographic Analysis of Tensile Failures of Zirconia Epoxy Nanocomposites. Baghdad Sci J. 2022;19(2):0430.
Zaid A, Alhotan R. Physiomechanical Properties of Denture Base Resin Reinforced with Nanoparticles and Fibres. PhD Dis-sertation. University of Manchester / School of Medical Sciences/ Division of Dentistry; 2022.
Alsharari SS, Alenezi MA, Al Tami MS, Soliman M. Recent advances in the Biosynthesis of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles and their Biological Applications. Baghdad Sci J. 2023;20(1):0041.
Roitero E, Reveron H, Gremillard L, Garnier V, Ritzberger C, Chevalier J. Ultra-fine Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia for dental ap-plications: A step forward in the quest towards strong, translucent and aging resistant dental restorations. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2023;43(7):2852-2863.
Majeed HF, Hamad TI, Bairam LR. Enhancing 3D-printed denture base resins: A review of material innovations. Sci Prog. 2024;107(3).
Zidan S, Silikas N, Alhotan A, Haider J, Yates J. Investigating the mechanical properties of ZrO2-impregnated PMMA nano-composite for denture-based applications. Materials. 2019;12(8):1344.
Borș A, Szekely M, Bardocz Veres Z, Corneschi I, Ciocoiu R, Antoniac A, et al. Characterization of innovative dental resin re-inforced with zirconia nanoparticles obtained by 3D printing. U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series B. 2024;86(2). VAPOR LIQUID (upb.ro)
Alshaikh AA, Khattar A, Almindil IA, Alsaif MH, Akhtar S, Khan SQ, et al. 3D-printed nanocomposite denture-base resins: effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical and surface properties in vitro. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(14):2451.
Zidan S, Silikas N, Haider J, Alhotan A, Jahantigh J, Yates J. Evaluation of equivalent flexural strength for complete removable dentures made of zirconia-impregnated PMMA nanocomposites. Materials. 2020;13(11):2580.
Khattar A, Alghafli JA, Muheef MA, Alsalem AM, Al-Dubays MA, AlHussain HM, et al. Antibiofilm Activity of 3D-Printed Nanocomposite Resin: Impact of ZrO2 Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2023;13(3):591.
Alshaikh AA, Khattar A, Almindil IA, Alsaif MH, Akhtar S, Khan SQ, et al. 3D-Printed Nanocomposite Denture-Base Resins: Effect of ZrO2 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Surface Properties In Vitro. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(14).
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 20795–1: 2013 Dentistry-Base Polymers-Part 1: Denture Base Polymers. (accessed on 5 October 2020]. Published online 2013.
Al‐Dulaijan YA, Alsulaimi L, Alotaibi R, Alboainain A, Akhtar S, Khan SQ, et al. Effect of Printing Orientation and Postcuring Time on the Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Resins. J Prosthodont. 2023;32(S1):45-52.
Metallics materials Vickers hardness test ISO 6507 1 2005.
Hajizadeh-Oghaz M, Razavi RS, Ghasemi A. The Effect of Solution pH Value on the Morphology of Ceria–Yttria Co Stabilized Zirconia Particles Prepared Using the Polymerizable Complex Method. J Clust Sci. 2016;27(2):469-483.
Mieles M, Harper S, Ji HF. Bulk Polymerization of Acrylic Acid Using Dielectric-Barrier Discharge Plasma in a Mesoporous Material. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(13).
AlGhamdi MA, Fouda SM, Taymour N, Akhtar S, Khan SQ, Ali MS, et al. Comparative Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticle Ad-dition and Postcuring Time on the Flexural Properties and Hardness of Additively Fabricated Denture Base Resins. Nano-materials. 2023;13(23).
Gad MM, Fouda SM, Abualsaud R, Alshahrani FA, Al‐Thobity AM, Khan SQ, et al. Strength and Surface Properties of a 3D‐Printed Denture Base Polymer. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(5):412-418.
Sasaki H, Hamanaka I, Takahashi Y, Kawaguchi T. Effect of long-term water immersion or thermal shock on mechanical properties of high-impact acrylic denture base resins. Dent Mater J. 2016;35(2):204-209.
Chen SG, Yang J, Jia YG, Lu B, Ren L. Tio2 and PEEK reinforced 3d printing PMMA composite resin for dental denture base applications. Nanomaterials. 2019;9(7).
Mangal U, Seo JY, Yu J, Kwon JS, Choi SH. Incorporating Aminated Nanodiamonds to Improve the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin-Based Biomedical Appliances. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(5):827.
Gad MM, Al‐Harbi FA, Akhtar S, Fouda SM. 3D‐printable denture base resin containing SiO2 nanoparticles: An in vitro analysis of mechanical and surface properties. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(9):784-790.
Fatalla AA, Tukmachi MS, Jani GH. Assessment of some mechanical properties of PMMA/silica/zirconia nanocomposite as a denture base material. IOP Conf Series: Mater Sci Eng. 2020;987(1): 012031.
Al-Sammraaie MF, Fatalla AA. The effect of ZrO2 NPs addition on denture adaptation and diametral compressive strength of 3D printed denture base resin. Nanomed Res J. 2023 Oct 1;8(4):345-55.
Aati S, Akram Z, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO2 nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations. Dent Mater. 2021;37(6):e360-e374.
Prpić V, Schauperl Z, Ćatić A, Dulčić N, Čimić S. Comparison of Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed, CAD/CAM, and Con-ventional Denture Base Materials. J Prosthodont. 2020;29(6):524-528.
Mhaibes AH, Safi IN, Haider J. The influence of the addition of titanium oxide nanotubes on the properties of 3D printed denture base materials. J Esthet Restor Dent.
Aromaa MK, Vallittu PK. Delayed post-curing stage and oxygen inhibition of free-radical polymerization of dimethacrylate resin. Dental Materials. 2018;34(9):1247-1252.
Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. 3D printed denture base material: The effect of incorporating TiO2 na-noparticles and artificial ageing on the physical and mechanical properties. Dent Mater. 2023;39(12):1122-1136.
Abd Alwahab S, Jaafar M. Moosa, S. Muafaq. Studying the Influence of Nano ZnO and Nano ZrO2 Additives on Properties of PMMA Denture Base." . Indian J Public Health Res Dev 11. 2020;61(9):2047-2051.
Sadoon MM. The Effect of Different Nanoparticles Incorporation on Some Properties of Acrylic Based Soft Liner. Ph.D. disser-tation. Mosul University; 2021.