The familiarity and knowledge among specialists, under- and postgraduate students about photodynamic therapy

Main Article Content

Nada K Imran
Zahraa T Abid
Ghazwan Adnan
Dhuha H Mohammed
Manaf Agha

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the familiarity and knowledge regarding photodynamic therapy (PDT) amongst the specialists, undergraduate and postgraduate students in the academic dental institutes. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among specialists, undergraduate and postgraduate students from three dental colleges. The three-sections questionnaire was distributed online to the targeted populations. The first section of the questionnaire aimed to collect the demographics variables of the respondents, while the second and third sections were dedicated to determining the familiarity and knowledge towards PDT, respectively. Results: Out of 700 respondents, only 403 (57.6%) responded to the questionnaire with an average age of 28.4 ±7.9 years, who were divided into 127 (31.5%) male and 276 (68.5%) female. Most respondents demonstrated an acceptable level of familiarity regarding PDT with postgraduates and specialists expressing significantly higher degree of familiarity than undergraduates. Additionally, the specialists showed a significantly higher degree of knowledge about PDT than postgraduates and undergraduates. Similarly, respondents with a longer professional career experience (>6 years) showed significantly higher knowledge than those with less years of experience. Overall, true familiarity of PDT was reported by only 25.1% of the respondents. Conclusion: Generally, respondents demonstrated average degrees of familiarity and knowledge about PDT. However, in-depth knowledge of the respondents was compromised suggesting integration of PDT topic in the dental curricula of undergraduates and postgraduates together with continuous education and training programs for dental practitioners.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

1.
Imran NK, Abid ZT, Adnan G, Mohammed DH, Agha M. The familiarity and knowledge among specialists, under- and postgraduate students about photodynamic therapy. J Bagh Coll Dent [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 15 [cited 2026 Sep. 19];38(3):58-6. Available from: https://www.jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/4324

References

Ancély FdS, Daria RQdA, Leticia FT, Maurício SB, Leticia L. Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review. J Cancer Metastasis Treat.2019;5(0):25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.83

Gursoy H, Ozcakir-Tomruk C, Tanalp J, Yilmaz S. Photodynamic therapy in dentistry: a literature review. Clin Oral Investig.2013;17(4):1113-1125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0845-7

Jerjes W, Hamdoon Z, Abdulkareem AA, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy in the management of actinic keratosis: Retrospective evaluation of outcome. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2017;17:200-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.017

Chen S, Tang L, Xu M, Chen T, Zhao S, Liu M, et al. Light-emitting-diode-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapies in the treat-ment of periodontitis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed.2022;38(4):311-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12759

Hirais MC, Al-Huwaizi HF. Evaluation of antibacterial action of photosensitizer solution activated by diode lamp and three intraca-nal medicaments (in vitro study). J Bagh Coll Dent.2013;25(3):43-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12816/0014996

Annunziata M, Donnarumma G, Guida A, Nastri L, Persico G, Fusco A, et al. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of indocyanine green-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig.2023;27(5):2385-2394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04875-w

Najm KK, Gul SS, Abdulkareem AA. Efficacy of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy with Adjunctive Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue O Mediated Photodynamic in Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Pract.2024;14(3):954-964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14030076

Akram Z, Shafqat SS, Niaz MO, Raza A, Naseem M. Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy and laser irradiation as an adjunct to open flap debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed.2020;36(1):3-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12499

Wang YY, Chen YK, Hu CS, Xiao LY, Huang WL, Chi TC, et al. MAL-PDT inhibits oral precancerous cells and lesions via autophagic cell death. Oral Dis.2019;25(3):758-771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13036

Al-Khureif AA, Mohamed BA, Siddiqui AZ, Khan AA, Divakar DD. Repeated application of photodynamic and antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to root surface debridement in patients with grade C and stage III or IV aggressive periodontitis. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2020;29:101610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101610

Al-Khureif AA, Mohamed BA, Siddiqui AZ, Hashem M, Khan AA, Divakar DD. Clinical, host-derived immune biomarkers and microbiological outcomes with adjunctive photochemotherapy compared with local antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of pe-ri-implantitis in cigarette smokers. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2020;30:101684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101684

Alvarenga LH, Gomes AC, Carribeiro P, Godoy-Miranda B, Noschese G, Ribeiro MS, et al. Parameters for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontal pocket-Randomized clinical trial. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2019;27:132-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.035

Atarchi AR, Atarchi ZR. Efficacy of a single antimicrobial photodynamic therapy session as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical outcomes for periodontitis patients. A systematic review. J Bagh Coll Dent.2023;35(3):76-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v35i3.3497

Hashem M, El-Hejazi AA, Niaz MO, Alsadon O, Alolayani BM, Fouad H. Bond strength of root canal filling with radicular dentin previously treated with either photobiomodulation or photodynamic therapy: Effect of disinfection protocols. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2020;30:101733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101733

Alves LV, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Borsatto MC, de Souza Salvador SL, Valério RA, Souza-Gabriel AE, et al. Influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in carious lesion. Randomized split-mouth clinical trial in primary molars. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2019;26:124-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.02.018

Mahmoudi K, Garvey KL, Bouras A, Cramer G, Stepp H, Jesu Raj JG, et al. 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of high-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol.2019;141(3):595-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-019-03103-4

Allison RR. Photodynamic therapy: oncologic horizons. Future Oncol 2014;10(1):123-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.13.176

Buzzá HH, da Silva AP, Vollet Filho JD, Ramirez DP, Trujillo JR, Inada NM, et al. Photodynamic therapy: Progress toward a scientific and clinical network in Latin America. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2016;13:261-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.08.004

Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Photodynamic therapy. Optics and Photonics News 2016;27(5):32-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OPN.27.5.000032

Bordea IR, Candrea S, Sălăgean T, Pop ID, Lucaciu O, Ilea A, et al. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals and Oral Care Operational Services: A Systemic Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy.2021;14:453-463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S284557

Helmi M. Knowledge and application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy among restorative dentist in Saudi Arabia. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2023;43:103679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103679

Qamar Z, Almohana SA, Khalid Alanazi A, Khalid Alanazi A, Almohana AA, Zeeshan T. Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Topical Indocyanine-green Mediated Photosensitiser vs Aloe Vera Gel as Adjunct Therapy to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Perio-dontitis Patients. Oral Health Prev Dent.2021;19:489-494.

Soliman M, Eldwakhly E, Aldegheishem A, Binobaid A, Saadaldin S. Familiarity and implementation of academicians of dental schools regarding the application of photodynamic therapy in dentistry: A need to incorporate in the dental curriculum. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2020;31:101897. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101897

Abdulkareem AA, Abdulbaqi HR, Alshami ML, Al-Rawi NH. Oral health awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infec-tion and economic impact during COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East. Int J Dent Hyg.2021;19(3):295-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12502

Vohra F, Bukhari IA, Sheikh SA, Albaijan R, Qureshi AH, Arif Z, et al. Knowledge, behavior and attitudes of dental practitioners to-wards photodynamic therapy use in dental practice. Photodiag Photodyn Ther.2017;20:221-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.008

Tampa M, Sarbu MI, Matei C, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Caruntu C, et al. Photodynamic therapy: A hot topic in dermatooncology. Oncol Lett.2019;17(5):4085-4093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9939

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.